What is upper Endoscopy?

Upper endoscopy (also known as an upper GI endoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy [EGD], or panendoscopy) is a procedure that enables your physician to examine the lining of the upper part of your gastrointestinal tract, i.e., the esophagus (swallowing tube), stomach, and duodenum (first portion of the small intestine) using a thin flexible tube with its own lens and light source. Photos can be taken to provide a visual report for your doctor. If necessary, your doctor can widen narrow areas of the esophagus by using a non-surgical technique called ESOPHAGEAL DILATION.

Why is Upper Endoscopy done?

Upper endoscopy is usually performed to evaluate symptoms of persistent upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or difficulty swallowing. It is also the best test for finding the cause of bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Upper endoscopy is more accurate than x-ray films for detecting inflammation, ulcers, or tumors of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Upper endoscopy can detect early cancer and can distinguish between benign and malignant (cancerous) conditions when biopsies (small tissue samples) of suspicious areas are obtained. Biopsies are taken for many reasons and do not necessarily mean that cancer is suspected. Upper endoscopy is also used to treat conditions present in the upper gastrointestinal tract. A variety of instruments can be passed through the endoscope that allow many abnormalities to be treated directly with little or no discomfort, for example, stretching narrowed areas, removing polyps (usually benign growths) or swallowed objects, or treating upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Possible Medication Adjustments

Before the test, be sure to discuss with the doctor whether you should adjust any of your usual medications before the procedure, any drug allergies you may have, and whether you have any other major diseases such as a heart, lung or breathing condition that might require special attention during the procedure.

Arrangements To Get Home After the Test

If you are sedated, you will need to arrange to have someone accompany you home from the examination because sedatives may affect your judgment and reflexes for the rest of the day. If you received sedation, you will not be allowed to drive after the procedure even though you may not feel tired.

What Can Be Expected During the Upper Endoscopy?

Your doctor will review with you why upper endoscopy is being performed, whether any alternative tests are available and possible complications from the procedure. You may have your throat sprayed with a local anesthetic before the test begins and may be given medication through a vein to help you relax during the test. While you are on your side, the endoscope is passed through the mouth and then in turn through the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. The endoscope does not interfere with your breathing during the test. Many patients fall asleep during the procedure.

What Happens After Upper Endoscopy?

After the test, you will be monitored in the endoscopy area until most of the effects of the medication have worn off. Your throat may be a little sore for a while, and you may feel bloated right after the procedure because of the air introduced into your stomach during the test. You will be able to resume your diet after you leave the procedure area unless you are instructed otherwise. In most circumstances, your doctor can inform you of your test results on the day of the procedure; however, the results of any biopsies or cytology samples taken will take several days.

What are the Possible Complications of Upper Endoscopy?

Endoscopy is generally safe. Complications can occur but are rare when the test is performed by physicians with specialized training and experience in this procedure. Bleeding may occur from a biopsy site or where a polyp was removed. It is usually minimal and rarely requires blood transfusions or surgery. Localized irritation of the vein where the medication was injected may rarely cause a tender lump lasting for several weeks, but this will go away eventually. Applying heat packs or hot moist towels may help relieve discomfort. Other potential risks include a reaction to the sedatives used and complications from heart or lung diseases. Major complications, e.g., perforation (a tear that might require surgery for repair) are very uncommon.

For More Information

You have been provided with this information to prepare you for this procedure. If you have any questions about your need for upper endoscopy, alternative tests, the cost of the procedure, methods of billing, or insurance coverage, do not hesitate to speak to your doctor or doctor's office staff about it.